治療恐慌症 需要抗憂鬱劑 - 精神疾病
By Anonymous
at 2010-06-19T17:42
at 2010-06-19T17:42
Table of Contents
文/賴建翰
A小姐今年25歲,最近3個月開始覺得胸口非常悶,有時喘不過氣來,感覺好像氣喘一樣。
尤其常在半夜發作,一次比一次嚴重。多次就醫,且在急診與門診做了許多檢查,像是心
電圖、心臟超音波、抽血及肺功能檢查等,但就是找不出任何異常。
由於沒有異常的證據,以致醫師們都認定她只是焦慮,只給予鎮定劑。然而鎮定劑只能暫
時壓制症狀,藥效過後,又開始發作。因此她的鎮定劑越吃越多,有慢慢上癮的情形。隨
著鎮定劑的增加,她的記性也跟著變差,白天變得嗜睡,體力也越來越不好,讓她非常無
助,不知如何是好。
其實這類患者在精神醫學的定義及診斷標準中,是屬於恐慌症。雖然恐慌症也是屬於焦慮
疾患的一種,但是這類疾病的治療如果只使用鎮定劑,僅能治標,採用抗憂鬱劑治療,才
是治本的方法。
◎為何抗憂鬱劑才是恐慌症的標準治療?
其實恐慌症的病因是由於我們腦內的血清素不足,以致腦部對於身體不適的訊號非常敏感
。一般人如果心跳快一點,其實不會引發恐慌的症狀。然而恐慌症患者的腦部對於這種些
微的生理訊號變化會有異常反應,也就是說,一點點的生理變化就會導致後續的恐慌發作
,這也暗示了恐慌症患者的腦部生理訊號反應中樞是很容易被刺激的。
鎮定劑只能暫時壓制
如果以抗憂鬱劑來治療,可以增加恐慌症患者腦部的血清素,進而控制住患者腦部生理訊
號反應中樞對刺激的異常反應,所以腦部也不會因而過度活化導致廣泛性的腦部異常反應
。這類的患者其實往往花太多時間於一般內外科的傳統檢查,其實他們可以前往精神科尋
求協助。
一般而言,用抗憂鬱劑治療恐慌症,一開始不用吃到一顆的劑量,先從每天半顆開始治療
,然後視疾病情況及副作用,來評估是否要增加劑量。基本上,最多每天使用2至3顆的劑
量就已經足夠。
至於鎮定劑則只有在急性發作時,或是急性發作前期才使用。因為鎮定劑如果長期使用,
就容易會有藥物耐受性及上癮的問題。
一般標準的恐慌症治療,其實鎮定劑只需急性期使用,然後如果病情穩定的話,就必須慢
慢減輕劑量,甚至要停止鎮定劑的使用。抗憂鬱劑的劑量可於病情痊癒後的3至6個月開始
減輕,一直到不需使用為止。
(作者為慈濟醫院台北分院身心醫學科醫師)
http://tw.news.yahoo.com/article/url/d/a/100619/78/27qg3.html
--
A小姐今年25歲,最近3個月開始覺得胸口非常悶,有時喘不過氣來,感覺好像氣喘一樣。
尤其常在半夜發作,一次比一次嚴重。多次就醫,且在急診與門診做了許多檢查,像是心
電圖、心臟超音波、抽血及肺功能檢查等,但就是找不出任何異常。
由於沒有異常的證據,以致醫師們都認定她只是焦慮,只給予鎮定劑。然而鎮定劑只能暫
時壓制症狀,藥效過後,又開始發作。因此她的鎮定劑越吃越多,有慢慢上癮的情形。隨
著鎮定劑的增加,她的記性也跟著變差,白天變得嗜睡,體力也越來越不好,讓她非常無
助,不知如何是好。
其實這類患者在精神醫學的定義及診斷標準中,是屬於恐慌症。雖然恐慌症也是屬於焦慮
疾患的一種,但是這類疾病的治療如果只使用鎮定劑,僅能治標,採用抗憂鬱劑治療,才
是治本的方法。
◎為何抗憂鬱劑才是恐慌症的標準治療?
其實恐慌症的病因是由於我們腦內的血清素不足,以致腦部對於身體不適的訊號非常敏感
。一般人如果心跳快一點,其實不會引發恐慌的症狀。然而恐慌症患者的腦部對於這種些
微的生理訊號變化會有異常反應,也就是說,一點點的生理變化就會導致後續的恐慌發作
,這也暗示了恐慌症患者的腦部生理訊號反應中樞是很容易被刺激的。
鎮定劑只能暫時壓制
如果以抗憂鬱劑來治療,可以增加恐慌症患者腦部的血清素,進而控制住患者腦部生理訊
號反應中樞對刺激的異常反應,所以腦部也不會因而過度活化導致廣泛性的腦部異常反應
。這類的患者其實往往花太多時間於一般內外科的傳統檢查,其實他們可以前往精神科尋
求協助。
一般而言,用抗憂鬱劑治療恐慌症,一開始不用吃到一顆的劑量,先從每天半顆開始治療
,然後視疾病情況及副作用,來評估是否要增加劑量。基本上,最多每天使用2至3顆的劑
量就已經足夠。
至於鎮定劑則只有在急性發作時,或是急性發作前期才使用。因為鎮定劑如果長期使用,
就容易會有藥物耐受性及上癮的問題。
一般標準的恐慌症治療,其實鎮定劑只需急性期使用,然後如果病情穩定的話,就必須慢
慢減輕劑量,甚至要停止鎮定劑的使用。抗憂鬱劑的劑量可於病情痊癒後的3至6個月開始
減輕,一直到不需使用為止。
(作者為慈濟醫院台北分院身心醫學科醫師)
http://tw.news.yahoo.com/article/url/d/a/100619/78/27qg3.html
--
Tags:
精神疾病
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