人們為何會得癌症?2/3因為「運氣不好」 - 肺癌

By Anthony
at 2015-01-02T20:13
at 2015-01-02T20:13
Table of Contents
網頁連結 :
http://udn.com/NEWS/WORLD/WOR3/9164947.shtml
http://www.bbc.co.uk/zhongwen/trad/science/2015/01/150102_cancer_bad_luck
http://www.bbc.com/news/health-30641833
癌症讓人聞之色變,病患與其親友總要問:「為什麼?」美國約翰霍普金斯大學(Johns
Hopkins University)研究團隊2日在《科學》期刊上發表研究報告,顯示高達2/3種癌症
的癌細胞是因為DNA複製特發生隨機變異(random mutations),與家族遺傳和生活習慣
並無關聯。換句話說,面對65%癌症,人類迄今無法有效建立預防的機制。
團隊成員、腫瘤學教授沃格斯坦(Bert Vogelstein)說:「抽菸或是不良的生活習慣的
確會增加罹癌風險。但很多種類型的癌症與不良生活習慣及遺傳因子無關,而是運氣決定
你的基因是否變異。」此外,有些人生活習慣雖差卻不曾罹癌,這不代表他們有「好基因
」,這只能說他們有「好運氣」。
約翰霍普金斯大學的團隊從研究文獻來估算,人體終其一生31種器官幹細胞(stem cells
)分裂的次數。人體所有器官與組織都來自幹細胞的分化與分裂,當特定部位細胞壞死時
,幹細胞就會分裂產生新細胞取代舊細胞。
但是細胞每一次分裂增殖,DNA複製時都有可能產生變異,因此致癌。研究團隊比較一種
器官幹細胞分裂的次數,以及這種器官出現癌細胞的風險,進而檢視兩者的因果關係。
研究發現,有22種器官的癌症主要是透過隨機變異產生癌細胞,包括白血病、胰臟癌、骨
癌、睾丸癌、卵巢癌和腦瘤等。而另外9種癌症發病次數高過細胞隨機變異次數。因此,
團隊推測「這9種癌細胞產生的原因除了隨機變異的運氣問題外,還有環境與遺傳因素。
」包括肺癌、皮膚癌和大腸癌在內的9種癌症,分別受香菸以及紫外線過度曝曬等環境因
素影響,增加細胞變異的機率。
這項研究結果也意味著,學界應加快腳步朝偵測初期癌細胞方向努力,並致力於及早破壞
這些癌細胞,避免快速擴散。約翰霍普金斯大學生物數學助理教授托馬薩蒂(Cristian
Tomasseti)說:「改變我們的生活習慣或許能預防某些癌症,但對多數癌症都是無效的
……我們應該致力發展偵測初期癌細胞的方法。」
由於過往文獻資料有所不足,女性常見的乳癌與男性常見的前列腺癌並不包含在這項研究
範圍內。
--
http://udn.com/NEWS/WORLD/WOR3/9164947.shtml
http://www.bbc.co.uk/zhongwen/trad/science/2015/01/150102_cancer_bad_luck
http://www.bbc.com/news/health-30641833
癌症讓人聞之色變,病患與其親友總要問:「為什麼?」美國約翰霍普金斯大學(Johns
Hopkins University)研究團隊2日在《科學》期刊上發表研究報告,顯示高達2/3種癌症
的癌細胞是因為DNA複製特發生隨機變異(random mutations),與家族遺傳和生活習慣
並無關聯。換句話說,面對65%癌症,人類迄今無法有效建立預防的機制。
團隊成員、腫瘤學教授沃格斯坦(Bert Vogelstein)說:「抽菸或是不良的生活習慣的
確會增加罹癌風險。但很多種類型的癌症與不良生活習慣及遺傳因子無關,而是運氣決定
你的基因是否變異。」此外,有些人生活習慣雖差卻不曾罹癌,這不代表他們有「好基因
」,這只能說他們有「好運氣」。
約翰霍普金斯大學的團隊從研究文獻來估算,人體終其一生31種器官幹細胞(stem cells
)分裂的次數。人體所有器官與組織都來自幹細胞的分化與分裂,當特定部位細胞壞死時
,幹細胞就會分裂產生新細胞取代舊細胞。
但是細胞每一次分裂增殖,DNA複製時都有可能產生變異,因此致癌。研究團隊比較一種
器官幹細胞分裂的次數,以及這種器官出現癌細胞的風險,進而檢視兩者的因果關係。
研究發現,有22種器官的癌症主要是透過隨機變異產生癌細胞,包括白血病、胰臟癌、骨
癌、睾丸癌、卵巢癌和腦瘤等。而另外9種癌症發病次數高過細胞隨機變異次數。因此,
團隊推測「這9種癌細胞產生的原因除了隨機變異的運氣問題外,還有環境與遺傳因素。
」包括肺癌、皮膚癌和大腸癌在內的9種癌症,分別受香菸以及紫外線過度曝曬等環境因
素影響,增加細胞變異的機率。
這項研究結果也意味著,學界應加快腳步朝偵測初期癌細胞方向努力,並致力於及早破壞
這些癌細胞,避免快速擴散。約翰霍普金斯大學生物數學助理教授托馬薩蒂(Cristian
Tomasseti)說:「改變我們的生活習慣或許能預防某些癌症,但對多數癌症都是無效的
……我們應該致力發展偵測初期癌細胞的方法。」
由於過往文獻資料有所不足,女性常見的乳癌與男性常見的前列腺癌並不包含在這項研究
範圍內。
--
All Comments

By Hamiltion
at 2015-01-03T06:26
at 2015-01-03T06:26

By Edward Lewis
at 2015-01-04T18:57
at 2015-01-04T18:57

By James
at 2015-01-08T18:44
at 2015-01-08T18:44

By Irma
at 2015-01-12T22:52
at 2015-01-12T22:52

By Carol
at 2015-01-14T11:52
at 2015-01-14T11:52

By Donna
at 2015-01-17T18:59
at 2015-01-17T18:59

By Liam
at 2015-01-20T16:11
at 2015-01-20T16:11

By Ursula
at 2015-01-23T19:07
at 2015-01-23T19:07

By Connor
at 2015-01-25T16:12
at 2015-01-25T16:12

By Dinah
at 2015-01-25T19:57
at 2015-01-25T19:57

By Edwina
at 2015-01-26T04:41
at 2015-01-26T04:41

By Ula
at 2015-01-30T07:01
at 2015-01-30T07:01

By Victoria
at 2015-02-01T00:56
at 2015-02-01T00:56

By Todd Johnson
at 2015-02-02T08:09
at 2015-02-02T08:09

By Kyle
at 2015-02-03T11:57
at 2015-02-03T11:57

By Charlotte
at 2015-02-06T06:41
at 2015-02-06T06:41

By Lauren
at 2015-02-11T04:08
at 2015-02-11T04:08

By Harry
at 2015-02-13T23:10
at 2015-02-13T23:10

By Hardy
at 2015-02-16T07:10
at 2015-02-16T07:10

By Quanna
at 2015-02-19T02:59
at 2015-02-19T02:59

By Eartha
at 2015-02-19T09:33
at 2015-02-19T09:33

By Enid
at 2015-02-21T04:05
at 2015-02-21T04:05

By Dinah
at 2015-02-23T22:17
at 2015-02-23T22:17

By Kelly
at 2015-02-25T13:35
at 2015-02-25T13:35

By Linda
at 2015-02-26T10:04
at 2015-02-26T10:04

By Mia
at 2015-02-28T22:19
at 2015-02-28T22:19

By Barb Cronin
at 2015-03-03T04:00
at 2015-03-03T04:00

By Una
at 2015-03-05T09:38
at 2015-03-05T09:38

By John
at 2015-03-06T10:50
at 2015-03-06T10:50

By Audriana
at 2015-03-09T06:12
at 2015-03-09T06:12

By John
at 2015-03-11T13:35
at 2015-03-11T13:35

By Candice
at 2015-03-12T08:45
at 2015-03-12T08:45

By Yuri
at 2015-03-16T05:51
at 2015-03-16T05:51

By Charlotte
at 2015-03-18T14:09
at 2015-03-18T14:09

By Kristin
at 2015-03-21T19:33
at 2015-03-21T19:33

By Mary
at 2015-03-24T00:13
at 2015-03-24T00:13

By Gary
at 2015-03-25T18:11
at 2015-03-25T18:11

By Cara
at 2015-03-30T09:34
at 2015-03-30T09:34

By Tristan Cohan
at 2015-03-30T18:04
at 2015-03-30T18:04

By Yedda
at 2015-04-04T12:30
at 2015-04-04T12:30

By Zora
at 2015-04-05T21:46
at 2015-04-05T21:46

By Vanessa
at 2015-04-08T13:14
at 2015-04-08T13:14

By John
at 2015-04-12T07:10
at 2015-04-12T07:10

By John
at 2015-04-15T09:21
at 2015-04-15T09:21

By Ula
at 2015-04-18T00:49
at 2015-04-18T00:49

By Kumar
at 2015-04-20T05:17
at 2015-04-20T05:17

By Edwina
at 2015-04-21T04:20
at 2015-04-21T04:20

By Frederic
at 2015-04-26T01:53
at 2015-04-26T01:53

By Sandy
at 2015-04-28T07:27
at 2015-04-28T07:27

By Andrew
at 2015-04-29T15:02
at 2015-04-29T15:02

By Ethan
at 2015-04-30T21:30
at 2015-04-30T21:30

By Adele
at 2015-05-01T10:34
at 2015-05-01T10:34

By Enid
at 2015-05-02T14:16
at 2015-05-02T14:16

By Jacob
at 2015-05-04T09:40
at 2015-05-04T09:40

By Eden
at 2015-05-09T06:15
at 2015-05-09T06:15

By Iris
at 2015-05-12T15:38
at 2015-05-12T15:38

By Regina
at 2015-05-14T05:07
at 2015-05-14T05:07

By Susan
at 2015-05-15T14:29
at 2015-05-15T14:29

By Poppy
at 2015-05-16T07:35
at 2015-05-16T07:35

By Annie
at 2015-05-17T18:48
at 2015-05-17T18:48

By Donna
at 2015-05-19T05:23
at 2015-05-19T05:23

By Tom
at 2015-05-21T11:55
at 2015-05-21T11:55

By George
at 2015-05-23T20:49
at 2015-05-23T20:49

By Zanna
at 2015-05-26T08:27
at 2015-05-26T08:27

By Odelette
at 2015-05-27T16:43
at 2015-05-27T16:43

By Charlie
at 2015-05-28T16:00
at 2015-05-28T16:00

By Erin
at 2015-06-01T19:45
at 2015-06-01T19:45

By Charlotte
at 2015-06-03T18:41
at 2015-06-03T18:41

By Noah
at 2015-06-04T06:12
at 2015-06-04T06:12

By Elizabeth
at 2015-06-04T16:10
at 2015-06-04T16:10

By Jack
at 2015-06-05T13:46
at 2015-06-05T13:46

By Odelette
at 2015-06-09T12:45
at 2015-06-09T12:45

By Iris
at 2015-06-10T12:14
at 2015-06-10T12:14

By Jacky
at 2015-06-14T21:48
at 2015-06-14T21:48

By Rosalind
at 2015-06-15T15:03
at 2015-06-15T15:03

By Una
at 2015-06-17T11:29
at 2015-06-17T11:29

By Ivy
at 2015-06-21T13:00
at 2015-06-21T13:00

By Agatha
at 2015-06-23T21:42
at 2015-06-23T21:42

By Edward Lewis
at 2015-06-27T16:09
at 2015-06-27T16:09

By Queena
at 2015-07-02T02:56
at 2015-07-02T02:56

By Hamiltion
at 2015-07-03T06:19
at 2015-07-03T06:19

By Adele
at 2015-07-08T02:25
at 2015-07-08T02:25

By Lauren
at 2015-07-10T09:07
at 2015-07-10T09:07

By Suhail Hany
at 2015-07-14T04:27
at 2015-07-14T04:27

By Edith
at 2015-07-14T08:55
at 2015-07-14T08:55

By Harry
at 2015-07-19T05:44
at 2015-07-19T05:44

By Belly
at 2015-07-20T19:47
at 2015-07-20T19:47
Related Posts
請問這算是植物人嗎?還有醒過來的機會嗎

By Valerie
at 2015-01-02T05:57
at 2015-01-02T05:57
乳癌治療心得重點分享

By Kristin
at 2014-12-31T16:48
at 2014-12-31T16:48
父親大腸癌轉移

By Emily
at 2014-12-31T16:45
at 2014-12-31T16:45
爺爺圓滿了

By Leila
at 2014-12-30T21:57
at 2014-12-30T21:57
如何降低化療後的嘔吐(不服用止吐藥)

By Valerie
at 2014-12-27T11:15
at 2014-12-27T11:15