人們為何會得癌症?2/3因為「運氣不好」 - 肺癌
By Anthony
at 2015-01-02T20:13
at 2015-01-02T20:13
Table of Contents
網頁連結 :
http://udn.com/NEWS/WORLD/WOR3/9164947.shtml
http://www.bbc.co.uk/zhongwen/trad/science/2015/01/150102_cancer_bad_luck
http://www.bbc.com/news/health-30641833
癌症讓人聞之色變,病患與其親友總要問:「為什麼?」美國約翰霍普金斯大學(Johns
Hopkins University)研究團隊2日在《科學》期刊上發表研究報告,顯示高達2/3種癌症
的癌細胞是因為DNA複製特發生隨機變異(random mutations),與家族遺傳和生活習慣
並無關聯。換句話說,面對65%癌症,人類迄今無法有效建立預防的機制。
團隊成員、腫瘤學教授沃格斯坦(Bert Vogelstein)說:「抽菸或是不良的生活習慣的
確會增加罹癌風險。但很多種類型的癌症與不良生活習慣及遺傳因子無關,而是運氣決定
你的基因是否變異。」此外,有些人生活習慣雖差卻不曾罹癌,這不代表他們有「好基因
」,這只能說他們有「好運氣」。
約翰霍普金斯大學的團隊從研究文獻來估算,人體終其一生31種器官幹細胞(stem cells
)分裂的次數。人體所有器官與組織都來自幹細胞的分化與分裂,當特定部位細胞壞死時
,幹細胞就會分裂產生新細胞取代舊細胞。
但是細胞每一次分裂增殖,DNA複製時都有可能產生變異,因此致癌。研究團隊比較一種
器官幹細胞分裂的次數,以及這種器官出現癌細胞的風險,進而檢視兩者的因果關係。
研究發現,有22種器官的癌症主要是透過隨機變異產生癌細胞,包括白血病、胰臟癌、骨
癌、睾丸癌、卵巢癌和腦瘤等。而另外9種癌症發病次數高過細胞隨機變異次數。因此,
團隊推測「這9種癌細胞產生的原因除了隨機變異的運氣問題外,還有環境與遺傳因素。
」包括肺癌、皮膚癌和大腸癌在內的9種癌症,分別受香菸以及紫外線過度曝曬等環境因
素影響,增加細胞變異的機率。
這項研究結果也意味著,學界應加快腳步朝偵測初期癌細胞方向努力,並致力於及早破壞
這些癌細胞,避免快速擴散。約翰霍普金斯大學生物數學助理教授托馬薩蒂(Cristian
Tomasseti)說:「改變我們的生活習慣或許能預防某些癌症,但對多數癌症都是無效的
……我們應該致力發展偵測初期癌細胞的方法。」
由於過往文獻資料有所不足,女性常見的乳癌與男性常見的前列腺癌並不包含在這項研究
範圍內。
--
http://udn.com/NEWS/WORLD/WOR3/9164947.shtml
http://www.bbc.co.uk/zhongwen/trad/science/2015/01/150102_cancer_bad_luck
http://www.bbc.com/news/health-30641833
癌症讓人聞之色變,病患與其親友總要問:「為什麼?」美國約翰霍普金斯大學(Johns
Hopkins University)研究團隊2日在《科學》期刊上發表研究報告,顯示高達2/3種癌症
的癌細胞是因為DNA複製特發生隨機變異(random mutations),與家族遺傳和生活習慣
並無關聯。換句話說,面對65%癌症,人類迄今無法有效建立預防的機制。
團隊成員、腫瘤學教授沃格斯坦(Bert Vogelstein)說:「抽菸或是不良的生活習慣的
確會增加罹癌風險。但很多種類型的癌症與不良生活習慣及遺傳因子無關,而是運氣決定
你的基因是否變異。」此外,有些人生活習慣雖差卻不曾罹癌,這不代表他們有「好基因
」,這只能說他們有「好運氣」。
約翰霍普金斯大學的團隊從研究文獻來估算,人體終其一生31種器官幹細胞(stem cells
)分裂的次數。人體所有器官與組織都來自幹細胞的分化與分裂,當特定部位細胞壞死時
,幹細胞就會分裂產生新細胞取代舊細胞。
但是細胞每一次分裂增殖,DNA複製時都有可能產生變異,因此致癌。研究團隊比較一種
器官幹細胞分裂的次數,以及這種器官出現癌細胞的風險,進而檢視兩者的因果關係。
研究發現,有22種器官的癌症主要是透過隨機變異產生癌細胞,包括白血病、胰臟癌、骨
癌、睾丸癌、卵巢癌和腦瘤等。而另外9種癌症發病次數高過細胞隨機變異次數。因此,
團隊推測「這9種癌細胞產生的原因除了隨機變異的運氣問題外,還有環境與遺傳因素。
」包括肺癌、皮膚癌和大腸癌在內的9種癌症,分別受香菸以及紫外線過度曝曬等環境因
素影響,增加細胞變異的機率。
這項研究結果也意味著,學界應加快腳步朝偵測初期癌細胞方向努力,並致力於及早破壞
這些癌細胞,避免快速擴散。約翰霍普金斯大學生物數學助理教授托馬薩蒂(Cristian
Tomasseti)說:「改變我們的生活習慣或許能預防某些癌症,但對多數癌症都是無效的
……我們應該致力發展偵測初期癌細胞的方法。」
由於過往文獻資料有所不足,女性常見的乳癌與男性常見的前列腺癌並不包含在這項研究
範圍內。
--
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